Simple present and present continuous tense

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

      Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense is used to express regular action or events, facts, daily activities and general truth. 

Examples :

·         I live in New York.

·         The moon goes round the Earth.

·         John drives a taxi everyday.

·         He doesn’t drive a bus.

·         We don’t work at night.

·         Do you play football ?

(+)       Subject+ V₁(s/es)+Object/Complement

(-)        Subject +do/does+V₁+Object/Complement

(?)        Do/Does+S+V₁+Object/Complement?

(-?)      Do/Does+not+S+V₁+Object/Complement?

Note : for third person singular (she, he, it) infinitive verb + s/es.   

Exceptions when adding 's' :

• For can, may, might, must, don’t  add “s”.

Example: he can, she may, it must

• After o, ch, sh or s, add  “es”.

Example: do - he does, wash - she washes

• After a consonant, the final consonant y becomes “ie”. (but: not after a vowel)

Example: worry - he worries

                 but: play - he plays

      Nominal

The form of verb in nominal sentence is “TO BE (is, am, are)”

(+)       Isabel is a lawyer.

(-)        Isabel isn’t a lawyer.

(?)        Is Isabel a lawyer ?

(-?)       Is Isabel not a lawyer ?

      Verbal

The form of predicate in verbal sentence is “VERB”.

(+)       Stevens studies every night.

(-)        Stevens doesn’t study every night.

(?)        Does Stevens study every night ?

(-?)       Does Stevens not study every night ? 

                                                                                                                     

      Simple Present Continuous Tense

Simple present continuous is used to express action which is happening now and action in the future.

Examples :

·         I am living with my sister until I find an apartment.

·         We are eating in a restaurant tonight. We’ve already booked the table.

 
 

(+)       Subject+To be (is, am, are)+V_ing+Object/Complement

(-)        Subject+To be (is, am, are)+not+V_ing+Object/Complement

(?)        To be (is, am, are)+Subject+V_ing+Object/Complement?

(-?)      To be (is, am, are)+not+Subject+V_ing+Object/Complement?

Examples :

(+)       Clarissa is planting flowers in the backyard now.

(-)        Clarissa is not planting flowers in the backyard now.

(?)        Is Clarissa planting flowers in the backyard now?

(-?)       Is Clarissa not planting flowers in the backyard now?

Exceptions when adding 'ing' :

• Silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply for -ee)

Example: come - coming
but: agree - agreeing

• After a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled.

Example: sit - sitting

• After a vowel, the final consonant l is doubled in British English (but not in American English).

Example: travel - travelling (British English)
but: traveling (American English)

• Final ie becomes y.

Example: lie - lying

 

sources : 

Krishna, Nien.2012. Hafalan Praktis 16 Tenses Sistem 16 Jam.