ADVERBS
Adverb is a word which describes or
gives more information about a verb, adjective, adverb or phrase. Example :
- She smiled cheerfully (the word cheerfully is an adverb).
- The house was spotlessly clean, (the word spotlessly is an adverb).
In
addition, An adverb can be added to a verb
to modify its meaning. Usually, an adverb tells you when, where,
how, in what manner or to what extent an action is performed.
Many
adverbs and in “-ly” particularly those that are used to express how an action
is performed. Although many adverbs end “-ly”, lots do not, for example: fast,
never, well, very, most, least, more, less, now, far, and there.
Examples:
- Anita placed the vase carefully on the shelf. (The word carefully is an adverb. It shows how the vase was placed.)
- Tara walks gracefully. (The word gracefully is an adverb. It modifies the verb to walk).
Adverbs are categorized on the basis of it information it
gives, into the following categories :
a. Adverb of Manner
These adverbs tell us that in which
manner the action occurs or how the action occurs or occurred or will occur. Examples:
- She speaks loudly.
- He was driving slowly.
b. Adverb of Place
Adverb of place tells us about the
place of action or where action occurs/occurred/will occur. Common adverb of
place: here, there, near, somewhere,
outside, ahead, on the top, at some place. Examples:
- They were flying kites on the top of hill
- Outside, it was bitterly cold.
c. Adverb of Time
These adverbs tell us about the time
of action. Common adverb of time: now, then, soon, tomorrow, yesterday,
today, tonight, again, early, yesterday. Examples:
- Tomorrow, we will leave for Chicago.
- We have been having many strikes recently.
d. Adverb of Frequency
Adverbs of frequency tell us how
many times the action occurs or occurred or will occur. Common adverb of
frequency: daily, sometimes, often, seldom, usually, frequently, always, ever,
generally, rarely, monthly, yearly. Examples:
♠
Barking
dogs seldom bite.
♠
He
is always late for class.
e. Adverb of Degree
Adverbs of degree tell us about the
intensity or degree of an action, an adjective or another adverb. Common
adverbs of degree: Almost, nearly,
quite, just, too, enough, hardly, scarcely, completely, very, extremely.
Adverbs of degree are usually placed:
- Before the adjective or adverb they are modifying:
Example : The
water was extremely cold.
- Before the main verb:
Example : He was just
leaving. She has almost finished.
sources :
Djauhari, Imam D.1986. Mastery On English Grammar. Copyright Erlangga, Surabaya.
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